Problem Solving in Elementary Schools
Greetings. The following materials are intended to provide an introduction to Problem Solving in Elementary Schools. They were assembled from the World Wide Web, ERIC Database, and a variety of other bibliographic resources. Instructions for acquiring the full text of the ERIC records are presented at the end of this file.
Zeynep B. Erdiller
Reference Specialist
Alphabetically arranged listing of bibliographies
Categorically arranged listing of bibliographies
Internet Sites
Creativity/Problem Solving/Critical Thinking: Lesson Plans and Resources
Planning for Problem Solving Instruction...Integrated and Developmental
A Model for Case Analysis and Problem Solving
Creative and Critical Thinking
Math Problem Solving Strategies
Online Problem Solving Project Structures
Addition, Problem Solving, & Algebra- Lesson Plan
Elementary Problem Solving Models
Enhancing Elementary Students Creative Problem Solving through Project-Based Education
Citations from the ERIC Database
AN: EJ638099
AU: McGehee,-Jean-J.
TI: Developing Interdisciplinary Units: A Strategy Based on Problem Solving.
PY: 2001
SO: School-Science-and-Mathematics; v101 n7 p380-89 Nov 2001
DEM: *Curriculum-Development; *Mathematics-Curriculum; *Problem-Solving
DER: Elementary-Secondary-Education; Interdisciplinary-Approach; Science-Education
AB: Describes knowledge for teachers as curriculum designers and a framework for interdisciplinary unit development. Includes an example of the framework in action. (Author/MM)
AN: EJ637237
AU: Maker,-June
TI: DISCOVER: Assessing and Developing Problem Solving.
PY: 2001
SO: Gifted-Education-International; v15 n3 p232-51 2001
DEM: *Cognitive-Development; *Elementary-Secondary-Education; *Problem-Solving; *Student-Evaluation; *Teaching-Models
DER: Curriculum-Development; Evaluation-Methods; Reliability-; Research-and-Development; Validity-
AB: This article summarizes the important ideas and research findings of DISCOVER, an on-going program of research and development concerning the problem solving abilities of children and youth. It identifies five problem types and reviews the DISCOVER assessment model, including research on its reliability and validity and the DISCOVER curriculum model, including research on its effectiveness. (Contains references.) (DB)
AN: ED458096
AU: Murray,-Hanlie; Olivier,-Alwyn; Human,-Piet
TI: Learning through Problem Solving.
PY: 1998
PR: EDRS Price MF01/PC01 Plus Postage.
DL: http://www.edrs.com/members/sp.cfm?AN=ED458096
DEM: *Problem-Based-Learning; *Problem-Solving; *Teacher-Role; *Teaching-Methods
DER: Elementary-Secondary-Education; Mathematics-Education
AB: After conducting several studies on young students' understanding of particular concepts before, during, and after instruction, this paper focuses on the two small scale and several informal teaching experiments based on the idea that the teacher should pose problems to students for which they do not yet have a routine solution method available, and that learning would take place while students were grappling with the problems. A tentative model for learning and teaching mathematics is provided. Some of the issues discussed include the role of the teacher, the classroom culture, interaction patterns among students, the kind of problem posed, the mathematical structure of the problem, sustained learning, the type of response elicited from the student, teacher awareness, understanding and cooperation, and informing the larger community. (Contains 37 references.) (ASK)
AN: EJ630129
AU: Watson,-Jane-M.; Chick,-Helen-L.
TI: Does Help Help?: Collaboration during Mathematical Problem Solving.
PY: 2001
SO: Hiroshima-Journal-of-Mathematics-Education; v9 p33-73 Mar 2001
DEM: *Mathematics-Education; *Problem-Solving; *Sex-Differences
DER: Elementary-Education; Grade-3; Learning-Strategies
AB: Considers the circumstances surrounding instances where help is sought and/or provided in a collaborative problem-solving situation. Analyzed videotaped observations of nine groups of three grade 5-6 students working over three 45-minute periods on an open-ended task. Defines hierarchical levels for questions, answers, and outcomes. Indicates some differences associated with gender. (Contains 36 references.) (Author/ASK)
AN: EJ625455
AU: Taconis,-R.; Ferguson-Hessler,-M.-G.-M.; Broekkamp,-H.
TI: Teaching Science Problem Solving: An Overview of Experimental Work.
PY: 2001
SO: Journal-of-Research-in-Science-Teaching; v38 n4 p442-68 Apr 2001
DEM: *Meta-Analysis; *Problem-Solving; *Science-Instruction
DER: Elementary-Secondary-Education; Teaching-Methods
AB: Performs analysis on a number of articles published between 1985 and 1995 describing experimental research into the effectiveness of a wide variety of teaching strategies for science problem solving. Identifies 22 articles describing 40 experiments that met standards for meta-analysis. Indicates that few of the independent variables were found to characterize effective strategies for teaching science problem solving. (Contains 28 references.) (Author/ASK)
AN: ED453081
AU: Anderson,-Jennifer-M.; Olson,-Jennifer-S.; Wrobel,-Margaret-L.
TI: Beyond Computation: Improving Mathematical Problem Solving.
PY: 2001
NT: Master of Arts Action Research Project, St. Xavier University and Skylight Professional Development.
PR: EDRS Price MF01/PC03 Plus Postage.
DL: http://www.edrs.com/members/sp.cfm?AN=ED453081
DEM: *Mathematics-Instruction; *Metacognition-; *Problem-Solving
DER: Action-Research; Computation-; Elementary-Education; Grade-1; Grade-3; Grade-6; Mathematics-Skills
AB: This action research describes a program for improving mathematical problem solving skills. The targeted population consisted of first grade students in a transient, middle class community as well as third and sixth grade students from a growing, middle to upper class in Illinois. The concerns of problem solving were documented through teacher input and classroom observations. When analyzing the probable cause data, it was revealed that teachers were not consistent when implementing the problem solving skills needed for success across grade levels. It has also been shown that students lacked the ability to self-monitor and apply a variety of problem solving strategies to mathematical tasks. Instead, students opted to use basic computational skills to solve complex mathematical problems. A review of solution strategies resulted in a choice of three inventions: a consistency among teachers throughout grade levels, a four step problem solving checklist for students, and an incorporation of self-monitoring strategies within the classroom. Post intervention data indicated an increase in student use and understanding of problem solving strategies and self monitoring check list. (Contains 37 references.) (Author)
AN: EJ623673
AU: Schieffer,-Janet-Logan; Schieffer,-David-J.
TI: Problem-Solving Skills: Solution-Focused Strategies for Student Development.
PY: 2000
SO: Journal-of-School-Improvement; v1 n2 p14-19 Win 2000
DEM: *Classroom-Techniques; *Elementary-Secondary-Education; *Learning-Strategies; *Problem-Solving
DER: Student-Behavior; Student-Development; Teaching-Methods
AB: Provides educators with a problem-solving process that can be used in K-12 classrooms. Defines, in particular, a solution-focused problem-solving strategy that emphasizes goal identification and implementation. States that this technique helps make positive behavioral changes in students' lives by focusing on future solutions instead of past failures. Contains 16 references. (CJW)
AN: ED451077
AU: Whimbey,-Arthur; Lochhead,-Jack
TI: Problem Solving and Comprehension. Sixth Edition.
PY: 1999
AV: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers, 10 Industrial Avenue, Mahwah, NJ 07430 ($17). Tel: 800-926-6579 (Toll Free).
PR: Document Not Available from EDRS.
DEM: *Academic-Standards; *Mathematical-Applications; *Problem-Solving; *Reading-; *Writing-Composition
DER: Abstract-Reasoning; Elementary-Secondary-Education; Mathematics-Education; Thinking-Skills
AB: This book shows students how to increase their power to analyze problems and comprehend what they read. First it outlines and illustrates methods that good problem solvers use in attacking complex ideas, then it provides practice in applying these methods to a variety of comprehension and reasoning questions. The "Whimbey Method" of teaching problem solving is now recognized as an invaluable means of teaching people to think. One chapter is particularly interesting to the history of problem solving. Chapter 13, "Meeting Academic and Workplace Standards: How This Book Can Help," describes changes in the educational system in the past 20 years and shows how the techniques taught in this book relate to the new educational standards and tests. (Contains 23 references.) (ASK)
AN: ED448548
AU: Windle,-Rod; Warren,-Suzanne
TI: Collaborative Problem Solving and Dispute Resolution in Special Education. Training Manual.
PY: 1999
PR: EDRS Price MF01/PC06 Plus Postage.
DL: http://orders.edrs.com/members/sp.cfm?AN=ED448548
DEM: *Communication-Skills; *Conflict-Resolution; *Disabilities-; *Problem-Solving; *Special-Education
DER: Conflict-; Court-Litigation; Dissent-; Due-Process; Educational-Legislation; Elementary-Secondary-Education; Interpersonal-Communication; Interpersonal-Competence; Parent-Teacher-Cooperation; Resistance-Psychology; Workshops-
AB: This training manual provides materials for conducting a workshop on problem solving and creating good agreements in special education. The first section of the manual provides a brief introduction to the world of special education and discusses why special education law is complex. Section 2 explores why conflict is created, seven types of conflict, and the three most common responses to conflict. The following section focuses on preparation for problem solving. Techniques are provided for dealing with difficult people and becoming an effective problem solver. Section 4 highlights critical communication skills and discusses barriers to effective communication. Section 5 provides steps in the process of collaborative problem solving, including sharing perspectives, defining the issues, identifying the interests, generating options, deciding on objective criteria, and evaluating options and reaching agreement. The next section focuses on strategies for success in dispute resolution. It provides solutions for common problems, including defusing resistance, refocusing the discussion or reframing the issues, dealing with emotional baggage, and educating. Section 7 discusses dispute resolution processes in special education, including mediation, complaint investigation, due process hearings, independent educational evaluations, fact finding, and arbitration. The final section contains suggested reading, definitions, and acronyms. (Contains 23 references.) (CR)
AN: EJ610487
AU: Stoyanova,-Elena
TI: Empowering Students' Problem Solving via Problem Posing: The Art of Framing 'Good' Questions.
PY: 2000
SO: Australian-Mathematics-Teacher; v56 n1 p33-37 Mar 2000
DEM: *Mathematics-Instruction; *Problem-Solving; *Teaching-Methods
DER: Elementary-Secondary-Education; Learning-Strategies
AB: Discusses issues regarding problem solving environments via problem posing. Recognizes the importance of the teacher's questions; language characteristics of problems; problem structure and feature; solution structure; teacher's questions used before, during, or after solving a problem; and introducing problem-posing questions in mathematics classrooms. (Contains 17 references.) (ASK)
AN: EJ609247
AU: Newcomb,-Jim
TI: Managing Problem Solving in the Context of Design and Make Activities: Reflections on Classroom Practice.
PY: 2000
SO: Journal-of-Design-and-Technology-Education; v5 n2 p126-31 Sum 2000
AV: Trentham Books Ltd., Westview House, 734 London Road, Oakhill, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire ST4 5NP, United Kingdom.
DEM: *Design-; *Handicrafts-; *Learning-Activities; *Problem-Solving
DER: Elementary-Education; Technology-Education
AB: In a 7-week project, teams of elementary students designed and made a coal cart. The project demonstrated that practical design and technology problems are best broken into manageable subtasks. Doing so enhances understanding of conceptual and procedural knowledge. It also showed how children can be moved toward more expert levels of performance. (SK)
AN: EJ604423
AU: Cardon,-Phillip-L.; Scott,-Michael-L.
TI: Using Problem Solving to Teach the Disabled.
PY: 2000
SO: Technology-Teacher; v59 n8 p12-15 May-Jun 2000
DEM: *Disabilities-; *Problem-Solving; *Technological-Advancement; *Technology-Education
DER: Design-; Elementary-Secondary-Education; Higher-Education; Preservice-Teacher-Education
AB: Technology education can and should play a role in the development of ideas through problem solving to assist teachers of students with disabilities. Technology teachers can adapt the Engineering for Success model in working with these students. (JOW)
AN: EJ604052
AU: Lederman,-Norman-G.; Niess,-Margaret-L.
TI: Problem Solving and Solving Problems: Inquiry about Inquiry.
PY: 2000
SO: School-Science-and-Mathematics; v100 n3 p113-16 Mar 2000
DEM: *Educational-Change; *Evaluation-Methods; *Inquiry-; *Problem-Solving
DER: Elementary-Secondary-Education; Mathematics-Education; Science-Education; Standards-
AB: Discusses current reforms and reform documents in science and mathematics education with regard to problem solving and inquiry. Considers assessment methods of inquiry to measure students' performance relative to current reforms. (Author/ASK)
AN: EJ602402
AU: Gatt,-Suzanne
TI: Problem-Solving in Primary Science.
PY: 2000
SO: Primary-Science-Review; n61 p8-10 Jan-Feb 2000
DEM: *Problem-Solving; *Science-Activities; *Teaching-Methods; *Thinking-Skills
DER: Cognitive-Processes; Critical-Thinking; Elementary-Education; Elementary-School-Students; Inquiry-; Science-Instruction
AB: Discusses the use of problem-solving activities in elementary-level science lessons. Sample activities include "Sparkling Christmas Presents," "Who Left the Message?," and "Parachute Descent". (WRM)
AN: ED439025
AU: O'Connell,-Susan
TI: Introduction to Problem Solving: Strategies for the Elementary Math Classroom.
PY: 2000
AV: Heinemann, 88 Post Road West, P.O. Box 5007, Westport, CT 06881 ($19). Tel: 800-793-2154 (Toll Free); Web site: http://www.heinemann.com.
PR: Document Not Available from EDRS.
DEM: *Elementary-School-Mathematics; *Mathematics-Instruction; *Problem-Solving; *Skill-Development
DER: Classroom-Techniques; Elementary-Secondary-Education; Evaluation-; Learning-Strategies
AB: This book is designed to help better understand problem-solving instruction. It presents information on helping students understand the problem-solving process as well as information on teaching specific strategies, including: Choose an Operation; Find a Pattern; Make a Table; Make an Organized List; Draw a Picture or Diagram; Guess, Check, and Revise; Use Logical Reasoning; and Work Backward. Ideas for introducing each strategy to students in a visual or hands-on way are presented. These introductory lessons are not grade level-specific, but rather depend on the students' prior knowledge or previous exposure to the strategy. In all cases, students at the second grade level can be exposed to the introductory lesson, but a similar activity may be appropriate for older students who have never been exposed to the strategy. Although second grade work samples are the earliest samples provided in this book, students can begin to develop many of the strategies, including finding patterns, making lists and tables, and drawing pictures, in kindergarten or first grade. At these levels, visual and hands-on examples are essential to instruction. For each strategy, teacher tips that highlight some important points to emphasize when working with students are shared. Examples of student work are presented for each strategy, including samples of students' communications about their problem solving. The work samples help see the progression of skills, and the writing samples offer a glimpse into students' thinking as their problem-solving skills develop. The final chapter provides ideas for connecting problem solving to students' lives. Ideas for using real-world data and materials are presented. The appendices contain a variety of materials to help implement a problem-solving program in the classroom. Checklists, evaluation forms, scoring keys, and icons are all available, as well as a variety of practice problems for students. (Contains 41 references.) (ASK)
AN: EJ599208
AU: Reid,-Carol; Udall,-Ann; Romanoff,-Brenda; Algozzine,-Bob
TI: Comparison of Traditional and Problem Solving Assessment Criteria.
PY: 1999
SO: Gifted-Child-Quarterly; v43 n4 p252-64 Fall 1999
DEM: *Ability-Identification; *Gifted-; *Minority-Group-Children; *Multiple-Intelligences; *Problem-Solving; *Student-Evaluation
DER: Elementary-Education; Evaluation-Methods; Performance-Based-Assessment
AB: Findings are presented of a gifted identification assessment at the second-grade level (n=600) founded on the principles of Gardner's Multiple Intelligences theory. Positive relations were evident among scores for different types of intelligences and the traditional measure. The Problem Solving Assessment procedure resulted in a more diverse population being identified. (CR)
AN: ED435064
AU: Shure,-Myrna-B.
TI: Preventing Violence the Problem-Solving Way. Juvenile Justice Bulletin.
CS: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquent Prevention (Dept. of Justice), Washington, DC.
PY: 1999
PR: EDRS Price MF01/PC01 Plus Postage.
DL: http://orders.edrs.com/members/sp.cfm?AN=ED435064
DEM: *Behavior-Problems; *Children-; *High-Risk-Students; *Parent-Child-Relationship; *Parent-Education; *Problem-Solving
DER: Attention-Deficit-Disorders; Child-Rearing; Elementary-Education; Hyperactivity-; Intervention-; Models-; Policy-; Prevention-; Program-Evaluation; Research-; Social-Adjustment; Social-Cognition; Substance-Abuse; Thinking-Skills; Violence-
AB: This article examines interpersonal cognitive problem-solving (ICPS) skills. Based on more than 20 years of research on specific ICPS skills, intervention methods were developed to test the hypothesis that behavior can be modified by focusing on thinking processes rather than the behaviors themselves. The ICPS skills relate to high-risk behaviors that may develop into serious problems such as violence and substance abuse. This approach to childrearing deals with social cognition and social adjustment. Its central theme is that certain interpersonal cognitive thinking skills play a crucial role in the social adjustment of both parent and child; thus it has particular relevance for the primary prevention of later, more serious problems. This bulletin describes intervention methods, their importance, and their impact as evaluated through research studies. Implementation and policy issues relevant to training and information dissemination are explored. A list of resources for learning more about ICPS is provided. (Contains 51 references.) (MKA)
AN: EJ592091
AU: Kelly,-Janet-A.
TI: Improving Problem Solving through Drawings.
PY: 1999
SO: Teaching-Children-Mathematics; v6 n1 p48-51 Sep 1999
DEM: *Mathematics-Activities; *Mathematics-Instruction; *Problem-Solving; *Visualization-
DER: Elementary-Education; Elementary-School-Mathematics
AB: Describes how elementary school teachers demonstrated for themselves and their students how using simple drawings and visualization can improve problem-solving ability. (ASK)
AN: EJ586736
AU: Bird,-Elliott
TI: What's in the Box? A Problem-Solving Lesson and a Discussion about Teaching.
PY: 1999
SO: Teaching-Children-Mathematics; v5 n9 p504-07 May 1999
DEM: *Mathematics-Activities; *Patterns-in-Mathematics; *Problem-Solving; *Teaching-Methods
DER: Color-; Elementary-Education; Elementary-School-Mathematics; Mathematics-Instruction
AB: Describes a problem-solving lesson involving 24 attribute blocks in which students discuss relationships between patterns, colors, shapes, and quantity. (ASK)
AN: EJ541748
AU: Leitze,-Annette-Ricks
TI: Connecting Process Problem Solving To Children's Literature.
PY: 1997
SO: Teaching-Children-Mathematics; v3 n7 p398-406 Mar 1997
DEM: *Childrens-Literature; *Interdisciplinary-Approach; *Problem-Solving; *Teaching-Methods; *Thematic-Approach
DER: Educational-Change; Elementary-Education; Language-Arts; Learning-Strategies; Mathematics-Curriculum; Thinking-Skills
AB: Describes two approaches to connecting literature and problem solving with mathematics. One approach is to focus on a particular strategy of problem solving, then find a storybook related to the strategy. Another approach is to find a favorite children's book and develop the problem-solving portion of the lesson from the book. A resource list and sample problems are included. (PVD)
AN: ED406291
AU: Eberle,-Bob; Stanish,-Bob
TI: CPS for Kids: A Resource Book for Teaching Creative Problem-Solving to Children.
PY: 1996
AV: Prufrock Press, 100 North 6th Street, Suite 400, Waco, TX 76701-2032; phone: 800-998-2208.
PR: EDRS Price MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS.
DEM: *Critical-Thinking; *Divergent-Thinking; *Problem-Solving
DER: Brainstorming-; Cognitive-Ability; Cognitive-Development; Cognitive-Processes; Conflict-Resolution; Decision-Making; Elementary-Secondary-Education; Thinking-Skills
AB: This book, designed for grades 2-8, teaches students the creative problem-solving (CPS) method. Each step in the process is outlined in detail and is illustrated with 30 reproducible classroom activities. The levels of the problem-solving approach addressed in the book include: (1) "Sensing Problems and Challenges"; (2) "Fact Finding"; (3) "Problem Finding"; (4) "Idea Finding"; (5) "Solution Finding"; and (6) "Acceptance Finding." A description and overview of each level precede student activity sheets and acquaint the teacher with the particular processes involved. Contains 43 references. (EH)
AN: ED401151
AU: Holley,-Dennis
TI: Sciencewise: Discovering Scientific Process through Problem Solving. Book 1.
PY: 1996
AV: Critical Thinking Books and Software, P.O. Box 448, Pacific Grove, CA 93950-0448.
NT: For Book 2, see SE 059 273.
PR: EDRS Price MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS.
DEM: *Critical-Thinking; *Demonstrations-Science; *Problem-Solving; *Science-Activities; *Science-Process-Skills
DER: Elementary-Secondary-Education; Scientific-Concepts
AB: This book of activities uses problem solving to help students develop the basic science process skills of observing, predicting, designing/experimenting, eliminating, and drawing conclusions. The activities are divided into two sections: Dynamo Demos and Creative Challenges. The teacher-led Dynamo Demos help students to develop science process skills in addition to developing their problem solving and creative/critical thinking skills. Using guided questions and the necessary manipulation of apparatus and equipment, the teacher can help the students understand the problem, make accurate observations and reasonable predictions, and arrive at a conclusion or an answer to the problem. While specific scientific principles and concepts are demonstrated in these activities, the primary focus is on actively involving students in the scientific process and developing problem solving and creative/critical thinking skills. The student-centered Creative Challenges help students develop their creative/critical thinking, problem-solving, and "inventioneering" skills. In these activities, the teacher presents the problem then functions merely as a technical advisor while students design and develop a solution to the problem. (JRH)
AN: ED366805
AU: Patrick,-Charles
TI: Teaching Top-Down Problem Solving.
PY: 1993
NT: Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the American Vocational Association (Nashville, TN, December 3-7, 1993).
PR: EDRS Price MF01/PC01 Plus Postage.
DL: http://orders.edrs.com/members/sp.cfm?AN=ED366805
DEM: *Critical-Thinking; *Logical-Thinking; *Problem-Solving; *Thinking-Skills
DER: Brainstorming-; Creative-Thinking; Decision-Making-Skills; Elementary-Secondary-Education; Teaching-Methods; Technology-Education
AB: Top-down problem solving is a methodical approach to obtaining real solutions for open-ended problems common in the realms of engineering and science. The technique provides a means for logically understanding a problem prior to attempting a solution. Steps in the top-down problem-solving method include the following: (1) identifying a need; (2) defining the problem; (3) developing ideas; (4) analyzing alternatives; and (5) evaluating a solution, leading either to development of additional ideas or solving the problem. Problem solving is a thinking skill that must be learned. Teaching it requires demonstration and practice. An effective way for students to improve their problem-solving skills is to work together (brainstorm), think aloud, learn from each other, and learn how others approach the same problems. Top-down problem solving lends itself well to almost any type of life's problems and, if taught at an early age, can provide children with a very useful tool for their entire education. (KC)
 A Commitment To Critical Thinking |
Other Resources (available either for sale or via interlibrary loan)
Title: Gifted books, gifted readers: literature activities to excite young minds Authors: Polette, N. Year: 2000 Publisher: Englewood, Colo. : Libraries Unlimited
Title: Word problems : research and curriculum reform
Author: Reed, S. K.
Year: 1999
Publisher: Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
Title: Learning through real-world problem solving: the power of integrative teaching
Authors: Nagel, N.G.
Year: 1996
Publisher: Thousand Oaks, Calif. : Corwin Press
Title: Reasoning and problem solving: a handbook for elementary school teachers
Authors: Krulik S. ; Rudnick, J. A.
Year: 1993
Publisher: Boston : Allyn and Bacon
Title: A problem solving approach to mathematics for elementary school teachers
Author: Billstein, R.; Libeskind S.; Lott, J. W.
Year: 1990
Publisher: Redwood City, Calif.: Benjamin/Cummings,
Edition: 4th ed.
Title: Problem solving/decision making for social and academic success
Author(s): Elias, J.M., Tobias, S. E.
Year: 1990
Publisher: Washington, D.C.: NEA Professional Library, National Education Association
Title: The Friendly classroom for a small planet: a handbook on creative approaches to living and problem solving for children
Author: Prutzman, P.
Year: 1988
Publisher: Philadelphia, PA: New Society Publishers
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